Free movement of EU workers has been the cornerstone of UK-EU relations for many years; several hundred thousand low-skilled workers from EU countries are employed each year in jobs predominantly in cleaning, hospitality and the agricultural sector which has historically witnessed a strong reliance on seasonal workers from EU countries.For example, the seasonal agricultural workers scheme (SAWS) was in place for a long time prior to ending in 2013, mainly due to the fact that EU workers were already allowed to come to the UK under free movement. However, to throw a spanner in the works, the UK government has announced that, in line with Brexit, free movement of EU workers will come to an end in 2021. This raises two important questions – How are UK businesses engaged in the above sectors going to survive without easy access to EU workers? And will there be a replacement scheme in effect?In order to facilitate migration into jobs that are not considered sufficiently skilled to qualify for Tier 2 work permits, the government may be looking at the following two options:

Youth Mobility Scheme (YMS)

In the July 2018 White Paper, the government stated that it hopes to negotiate a UK-EU ‘Youth Mobility Scheme' modelled on the existing Tier 5 scheme that would allow some sort of low-skilled work permits to be introduced post Brexit. Tier 5 YMS is a scheme which at present allows citizens of a few Commonwealth countries including Australia, New Zealand and Canada to be employed in jobs at any skill level.

Is Youth Mobility Scheme the answer?

The Youth Mobility Scheme has been historically designed to facilitate cultural exchange between the UK and certain common wealth countries, and not as a labour migration programme. By its very nature, this scheme is temporary while a majority of EU workers would stay for more than two years, and often remain with the same employer for many years.

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Read more about Hudson McKenzie in the Autumn issue of Relocate Magazine

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Moreover, YMS has an age restriction of between 18-30 years and not all EU workers would fit into this age bracket – although the hospitality industry relies heavily on young workers others may not. Finally, the YMS has caps for each participating country and the size of any caps would be important in determining whether YMS is a major source of labour migration in the future.

Work Permits for low-skilled jobs

Work permits by their very nature, involve relatively detailed regulation of the types of jobs that are eligible and the conditions of work and also require employer sponsorship linking workers to specific jobs.The Points Based System (PBS) which has five tiers, hasn’t been used completely since inception. The current Tier 2 visa system for non-EU nationals is designed mainly for graduate level jobs. Most employee jobs in the UK labour market do not meet this criterion and a substantial share of migration into these non-graduate positions has been from EU countries.The Tier 3 of the PBS, which was originally designed to accommodate low skilled workers was never put to use. Therefore, this may be the perfect opportunity for the government to introduce work permits arrangements for low skilled workers under Tier 3 scheme.However, work permits are not devoid of drawbacks. Firstly, several employers view sponsorship as a cumbersome burden due to the high costs and administrative burden involved. Moreover, the fact that a worker is tied to a specific job makes it harder for workers to leave exploitative employers in cases where the terms of participation in the scheme have not been successfully enforced.

Conclusion

In order to meet the demand for migrant workers in low-skilled jobs post-Brexit, will we have a Youth Mobility Scheme for EU workers or a new Work Permits Scheme under Tier 3 of the PBS?If neither of these options are deemed suitable, it is very likely that the government will introduce at least some equivalent schemes for labour migration in low-skilled jobs after free movement comes to an end, lest the risk of a rise in illegal employment if employers do not have sufficient legal options to recruit low-skilled migrant workers.

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To discuss further or if you have any concerns regarding employing low-skilled workers from EU countries, please get in touch with our immigration lawyers on +44 (0)20 3318 5794 or via email at londoninfo@hudsonmckenzie.com.For more on Hudson McKenzie visit hudsonmckenzie.com

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