For the full version of this article, please visit our Winter issueConsistently securing the top spot for the last six years, Germany scored 82.7 per cent out of a possible 100 per cent on the Quality of Nationality index (QNI) – the first of its kind to objectively rank the value of every nationality of the world in terms of legal status in which to develop your talents and business.

Afghanistan has the lowest QNI index

The global mean in 2016 was 39.32 per cent, with Afghanistan sitting at the bottom of the index with a score of just 14.6 per cent.France and Denmark follow closely behind Germany, and share second place on the index with a score of 82.4 per cent. Iceland ranks third overall at 81.3 per cent.The UK also made it into the Extremely High category on the index, just missing out on a Top 10 place by coming 12th with a score of 79.2 per cent. The US, is ranked only 29th on the QNI with a score of 68.8 per cent – mainly due to its relatively low Settlement Freedom compared to nationalities of the EU member states, and its weak showing on the Peace and Stability element of the index.Professor Dr Dimitry Kochenov, a leading constitutional law professor with a long-standing interest in European and comparative citizenship law, says the key premise of the index is that it’s possible to compare the relative worth of nationalities, as opposed to, simply, states.“Everyone has a nationality of one or more states. States differ to a great degree – Russia is huge, Malta is small – Luxembourg is rich, but Mongolia is less so. Just as with the states, the nationalities differ too.Importantly, there is no direct correlation between the power of the state and the quality of its nationality. Nationality plays a significant part in determining our opportunities and aspirations, and the QNI allows us to analyse this objectively.”

How the QNI is calculated

The QNI is not a perception index. It uses a wide variety of quantifiable data to determine the opportunities and limitations that our nationalities impose on us. To achieve this, the QNI measures the internal value of nationality – the quality of life and opportunities for personal growth within a nationality’s country of origin – and the external value of nationality, which identifies the diversity and quality of opportunities that nationalities allow us to pursue outside our country of origin.

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Related articles from the Winter 2017 issue of Relocate Magazine:

• Flexible working for international frontiers
• Can technology replace the human touch?
• Family support: firmly on the relocation agenda

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“Before the launch of the QNI, no single, credible source existed that ranked the nationalities of the world. The second edition of the QNI, which represents the status quo as at 10 October 2016, reflects the quality of all of the world’s nationalities. It also includes a number of new nationality and status entries, such as Israeli laissez passer, South Sudan, and eight British nationalities/statuses.The methodology has also been updated to include territories such as Dutch and French overseas territories, US territories, Greenland and the Faroe Islands as settlement destinations,” Professor Kochenov explains.

Brexit and the implications for UK nationality

This second edition of the QNI also interrogates the quality of a post hard Brexit British nationality, comparing it to its current status. According to Kochenov, a hard Brexit could leave the UK with a nationality that doesn’t enjoy settlement and working rights in 30 leading states, overwhelmingly impairing the quality of its nationality.The QNI research shows that even if you presume no economic loss to the UK as a result of leaving the EU, and focus only on the external rather than internal components of nationality quality, the UK will be in free fall in terms of its quality, losing its value very sharply and by far exceeding the losses experienced by the countries in the midst of bitter political and armed conflicts, as well as divided societies whose nationalities are at the forefront of failing to perform, such as Syrian and Libyan nationalities.“The UK is about to establish a world record in terms of profoundly undermining the quality of its nationality without going through any violent conflict, falling from the elite group of extremely high-quality nationalities to the very high-quality group, changing its neighbours in the ranking from the likes of Switzerland and Germany to the likes of Brazil and Romania.The moral is simple: EU citizenship is an extremely valuable resource and getting rid of it – crippling citizens’ horizon of opportunities – should not be taken lightly,” notes Professor Kochenov.

A unique measurement tool

Dr Christian H. Kälin, a leading specialist on international immigration and citizenship law and policy, and Group Chairman of Henley & Partners, says the QNI is relevant to individuals interested in their own mobility, the possibilities and the limitations of their nationality, and governments focused on improving the local, regional and global opportunities that are inherent in their passports.Dr Kälin says, “The reality that the QNI describes is in many respects regrettable: in the majority of circumstances, our nationality plays an important role in establishing a highly arbitrary ceiling for our opportunities and aspirations, reflecting the core concept of being a national of just one particular place.The QNI provides an empowering perspective that serves to help individuals with important decisions they must make regarding where to live and raise a family, do business, and enjoy a satisfying global lifestyle in order to define their future.”“The QNI is relevant and of interest to all individuals, and is a vital resource for those who are financially independent and wish to enjoy the benefits of alternative citizenship, as it provides assistance in selecting the most valuable second or third nationality.Over the last decade, there has been a growing trend among wealthy and talented individuals to build up a citizenship portfolio to ensure greater international opportunity, stability, freedom and security for themselves and their families,” he adds.

Key findings

• Generally, the global quality of nationalities went up by 0.75 per cent. All nationalities saw a change in value in 2016, but only 45 lost value. By comparison, 88 nationalities lost value in 2015
• A total of 140 nationalities increased in value in 2016, which is 59 more than in 2015. The global mean in 2016 was 39.32 per cent, with the German nationality again positioned at the top of the QNI General Ranking with a score of 82.7 per cent, and Afghanistan at the bottom of the index on 14.6 per cent
• In 2016, 28 nationalities were of extremely high quality (75 per cent and above); 17 nationalities were of very high quality (above 50 per cent); 43 nationalities were of high quality (between 35 per cent and 49.9 per cent); 93 nationalities were in the medium quality tier (between 20 per cent and 34.9 per cent); and 14 nationalities were of low quality (below 20 per cent)
• The shifts in the high-quality tier are most significant. As many as 17 nationalities that previously belonged to the medium quality tier have improved in value, and were classified as high quality in 2016. These primarily include the nationalities of Colombia and Peru, as well as those of five Caribbean states (the Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago), which saw significant improvement in value and in their general ranking positions in 2016, due to the Schengen visa liberalisation
• In the EU, the Croatian nationality continued to improve and move up the rankings with the removal of settlement restrictions by EU member states, but the remaining nationalities in the EU all fell slightly in value

Risers and fallers in 2015-2016

The seven nationalities rising furthest in the ranking in 2016 are five Caribbean states, Timor-Leste and Colombia, all of which benefitted from significant improvement to their travel freedom scores due to the opening up of visa-free tourist and business travel to Europe’s Schengen area:

• Timor-Leste was the highest climber, moving up 31 places to 95th place
• St Vincent and the Grenadines, and the Commonwealth of Dominica each climbed 25 places on the index, and now rank 65th and 68th, respectively
• The third highest climber was Grenada, rising 24 positions to 67th place
• Senegal dropped the most, losing 16 positions to rank 104th
• Libya and Saudi Arabia lost 15 and 14 places on the QNI, dropping to 145th and 82nd position, respectively

Top risers and fallers in 2012-2016

Over the last five years, Colombia has risen the most on the QNI, climbing by 48 positions to 62nd place. Timor-Leste, which climbed the highest in the latest ranking, is also the second highest climber from 2012-2016, rising by 28 positions overall.Most of the nationalities that lost significant quality have been affected by political instability or serious conflicts in their respective countries. Such developments have a severe impact on their peace and stability score as well as an indirect impact on the human development, economic strength and travel freedom elements of the index.The Syrian Arab Republic fell the most over the last five years, decreasing its rank by 27 places to settle on 154th position on the 2016 index.Libya, the second largest faller on the index between 2015-2016, is also the second largest faller over the last five years, dropping 21 positions to 145th place.

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For the full version of the article and to read more about issues affecting global mobility professionals visit the Winter issue of our magazine

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